The first clinical use of Medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) occurred approximately 2500 years ago. This small invertebrate is particularly valuable for plastic and reconstructive surgery since it can produce a small bleeding wound that mimics a venous circulation in an area of compromised tissue. The leech produces a number of important substances which contribute to the special property of the bite, including an anticoagulant, a local vasodilator and local anaesthetic. And also leeches are used in cosmetics and pharmacology.
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